Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) is a type of diabetes that is characterised absolute lack of Insulin and a younger age of onset.
T1D is an autoimmune condition where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. This leads to little or no insulin production, a hormone crucial for regulating blood sugar levels.
Unlike Type 2 Diabetes, which is often associated with lifestyle factors, T1D is not preventable and usually manifests in childhood or adolescence, though it can occur at any age. Symptoms often develop rapidly and can include increased thirst, frequent urination, unintended weight loss, and fatigue. Early diagnosis is critical to prevent serious complications such as diabetic ketoacidosis, a potentially life-threatening condition.
Management of T1D requires lifelong insulin therapy, either through injections or an insulin pump. Patients must closely monitor their blood glucose levels, which can be done using continuous glucose monitors (CGMs) or regular finger-prick tests. It's essential to balance insulin administration with dietary intake and physical activity to maintain stable blood sugar levels.
Living with T1D demands resilience and meticulous self-care. However, with advancements in medical technology and a strong support system, individuals with T1D can lead full, healthy lives. As a physician, my role is to support my patients through education, regular monitoring, and adapting treatment plans to fit their evolving needs.